To Pimp a Butterfly (19) is the third studio album by American rapper Kendrick Lamar. It was released in March 2015, by Top Dawg Entertainment, Aftermath Entertainment and Interscope Records. The album was recorded in studios throughout the United States, with production from Sounwave, Terrace Martin, Taz “Tisa” Arnold, Thundercat, Rahki, LoveDragon, Flying Lotus, Pharrell Williams, Boi-1da, Knxwledge, and several other high-profile hip hop producers, as well as executive production from Dr. Dre and Anthony “Top Dawg” Tiffith. Guest appearances include Thundercat, George Clinton, Bilal, Anna Wise, Snoop Dogg, James Fauntleroy, Ronald Isley and Rapsody.
Primarily a hip hop album, To Pimp a Butterfly incorporates numerous other musical styles spanning the history of African-American music, most prominently jazz, funk and soul. Lyrically, it features political commentary and personal themes concerning African-American culture, racial inequality, depression, and institutional discrimination. This thematic direction was inspired by Lamar’s tour of historic sites during his visit to South Africa, such as Nelson Mandela’s jail cell on Robben Island.
To Pimp a Butterfly sold 324,000 copies in the US in its first week of release, earning a chart debut at number one on the US Billboard, while also becoming Lamar’s first number-one album in the UK. It was eventually certified platinum by the RIAA and sold one million copies in the US by 2017. Five singles were released in promotion of the album, including the top 40 hit “I”. Lamar also supported the album with the Kunta’s Groove Sessions Tour from late 2015 to early 2016.
The album has received widespread acclaim from critics, who praised its musical scope and the social relevance of Lamar’s lyrics. It earned Lamar seven nominations at the 2016 Grammy Awards, including a win for Best Rap Album and an Album of the Year nomination. He received four additional nominations for other collaborations from that year, receiving a total of 11 Grammy nominations, which was the most nominations for any rapper in a single night. The most critically acclaimed album of 2015 as well as one of the most critically acclaimed of its entire decade, it topped The Village Voice’s annual Pazz & Jop poll of American critics nationwide, and was also ranked as the best album of 2015 by many other publications. In the years following its release, several publications named To Pimp a Butterfly one of the best albums of the 2010s; in 2020, the album was ranked 19th on Rolling Stone’s updated list of the 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.
The album’s immediate influence was felt as “a pantheon for racial empowerment”, according to Butler, who also argued that the record helped create a respected space for conscious hip hop and “will be revered not just at the top of some list at the end of the year, but in the subconscious of music fans for decades to come”. Writing for Highsnobiety, Robert Blair said, “[To Pimp a Butterfly] is the crystallized moment in time where Kendrick became a generation’s most potent artistic voice.” Uproxx journalist Aaron Williams said the album “proved that left-field, experimental rap can function in both the critical and commercial realms”. Jazz saxophonist Kamasi Washington said that the album “changed music, and we’re still seeing the effects of it […] [the album] meant that intellectually stimulating music doesn’t have to be underground. It just didn’t change the music. It changed the audience.”To Pimp a Butterfly was an influence on David Bowie’s 2016 album Blackstar. As its producer Tony Visconti recalled, he and Bowie were “listening to a lot of Kendrick Lamar […] we loved the fact Kendrick was so open-minded and he didn’t do a straight-up hip-hop record. He threw everything on there, and that’s exactly what we wanted to do.”
